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2 Timothy Chapter 4

2 Timothy Chapter 4

(Underlining marks a quotation/allusion. [Brackets] mark a textual variant.fnWhen two (or more) different copies of an original manuscript disagree on any given word or phrase — addition, omission, word order, etc. — the disagreement is called a "textual variant". ~99% of existing textual variants are either minor (like spelling), obviously not original (often appearing only in a few late manuscripts), or don't affect meaning (like "Jesus Christ" vs. "Christ Jesus"). The ~1% that remain do not affect any central doctrine of Christianity. The BOS Bible only marks significant textual variants that affect the meaning; smaller variants that do not affect meaning won't be marked for readability.  "Love" with a caret ("^love") is agapé.fn"agapé" The Greek words ἀγάπη (agapé, noun), and ἀγαπάω (agapaó; verb) are typically translated "love".  However, unlike our English word "love" – which primarily speaks of affection and feelings — agapé centers on choice and behavior.  It’s the "love" based on will, choice, behavior, and action; not feelings.  (Feelings-based love is the Greek word φιλέω (phileó), which properly means "brotherly love/affection".)  Thus, you could hate someone passionately and still treat him with "agapé".  Agapé "love" is best understood as the pursuit of what is most beneficial to someone or something, regardless of the cost to yourself or the type of response received from the person or thing.  It can also indicate a preference for someone or something over other things. An asterisk (*) indicates a verb in the Greek perfect tense.fnThe Greek perfect tense signifies a completed action in the past with a result and/or an ongoing state that extends into the present. For example, Hebrews 12:2 says in part: "He *sat down at the right hand of the throne of God"; the verb for "sat" is in the perfect tense, indicating that He sat down once (completed action in the past), and also that He remains seated until the present moment (ongoing state).)

Glossary

Note: this glossary is currently a work in progress; entries that do not expand will be added as time permits

Clean/unclean

Covenant

Faith

Flesh

Forgive/forgiveness

Grace
The Greek word is “χάρις” (charis), most often translated “grace”, “gift”, or “thanks”. It was a technical term in the 1st century, referring to the Patronage system in place. The Patron (from “pater” = “father”) would give gifts or do favors (both called a charis). A charis was always given/done freely to anyone who would be grateful for it, and this person then became a “client” of the patron. The clients were expected to reciprocate by telling everyone what the patron had done, and offering their services to the patron whenever the patron needed them. This reciprocal act was also called “charis”, and the ones who reciprocated were “being faithful” by giving thanks in this way. Both were done out of gratitude, not legal obligation. A client who wasn’t faithful and grateful probably wouldn’t receive any more charis from his patron, or any other patrons. The patron was responsible for taking care of all his clients, and making sure their needs were met. New Testament usage typically casts God the Father as a Heavenly Patron, to whom Christians should be grateful and faithful because of the gifts He has given us. (e.g. salvation, provision, protection, etc.)

Holy

Justification

Law (Torah)

Make purification

Pure/Impure

Purification offering

Ransom

Redemption

Repent/repentance

Righteous/righteousness

Salvation/save

Soul
“soul” is the Greek word “ψυχή/psuché” and Hebrew word “נֶפֶשׁ/nephesh”. The BOS Bible translates these words as “soul” for consistency, and so the full meaning of “soul” isn’t obscured by different translations in different places. They closely overlap in meaning and are typically translated “soul” or “life”. They refer to the animating force of a living thing, and thus can also refer to its life, or to the whole of any person or creature, including animals (e.g. fish in Revelation 8:9 and Genesis 1). They are frequently used as an emphatic reference to a person’s whole self, including longings, deep emotions, and inner life. (e.g. Ps 42:11) Note: while “soul” has significant overlap in meaning with “spirit”, the words have distinct meanings and usages throughout scripture. For example, lions tear apart a soul in Psalm 7:2, and a “dead soul” is mentioned in Leviticus 21:11; “spirit” has no analogous usages, and it returns to God at death (Ecc 12:7; Acts 7:59). The adjective forms of soul and spirit are contrasted in 1 Corinthians 2:14-15; see also: Hebrews 4:12; 1 Thessalonians 5:23.

Sin

Click to Collapse the Glossary
Preach the Word
  1. I solemnly charge you in the sight of God and Jesus the Anointed – the One about to judge the living and the dead – and by His appearing and His kingdom:
  2. preach the word, be ready in season and out of season; convict with evidence, rebuke, and admonish in all patience and instruction.
  3. For there will be a time when they won’t endure sound teaching.  But with an itching ear they will gather heaps of teachers to themselves according to their own cravings,
  4. and they will indeed turn away from hearing the truth and will be turned aside to myths.
  5. But you: be sober in all things, endure suffering, do the work of an evangelist, fully complete your ministry.
  6. For I’m already poured out as a drink offering,fnquotation/allusion to Numbers 15:5-10, where the drink offering procedure is described and the time of my departure is *at hand.
  7. I have fought the good fight, I have finished the race, I have kept the faith.
  8. From now on, a crown of righteousness is stored up for me, which the Lord – the righteous judge – will repay to me in that day.  And not only to me, but also to all the men who have ^loved His appearing.
Final instructions and greetings
  1. Make haste to come to me quickly,
  2. for having ^loved the present age, Demas deserted me and went to Thessalonica; Crescens went to Galatia, and Titus to Dalmatia.
  3. Only Luke is with me.  And having taken Mark along, bring him with yourself for he’s useful to me in the ministry.
  4. But I sent Tychicus to Ephesus.
  5. When coming to me, bring the cloak that I left behind in Troas with Carpus, and the books, especially the parchments.
  6. Alexander the coppersmith did much harm to me.  The Lord will repay him according to his deeds,
  7. whom also you must watch carefully, for he greatly opposed our words.
  8. No one was beside me in my first defense, but all deserted me.  May it not be counted against them.
  9. Yet the Lord stood beside me and strengthened me, so that through me, the proclamation might be fully accomplished and all the gentiles might hear.  And I was delivered from the lion’s mouth.fnquotation/allusion to Daniel 6:16-23, especially verse 22, and possibly Psalm 22:21.
  10. The Lord will deliver me from every wicked deed and will preserve me for His heavenly kingdom, to whom be the glory through the ages of the ages.  Amen.
  11. Greet Priscafn“Prisca” is a more familiar, diminutive form of Priscilla.  It was likely a nickname. and Aquila, also the household of Onesiphorus.
  12. Erastus remained in Corinth.  And with Trophimus being sick, I left him in Miletus.
  13. Make haste to come before winter.  Eubulus greets you, and Pudens, and Linus, and Claudia, and all the brothers.
  14. The Lord be with your spirit. Grace be with you all.  [Amen]

 

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